15  Geospatial Foundations

15.1 Vector data

Vector data represents objects as:

• points;
• lines;
• polygons.

15.2 Raster data

Raster data represents space as a grid of cells. Each cell stores a value.

15.3 Coordinate reference systems

A coordinate reference system defines how coordinates relate to locations on Earth.

coordinate = {
    "longitude": -99.1332,
    "latitude": 19.4326,
    "crs": "EPSG:4326",
}

print(coordinate)

{'longitude': -99.1332, 'latitude': 19.4326, 'crs': 'EPSG:4326'}

15.4 Things to remember

• Coordinates without a CRS are ambiguous.
• Latitude and longitude are not interchangeable.
• Reproject layers before distance or area calculations.